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The 2010 Hong Kong by-election was an election held on 16 May 2010 in Hong Kong, triggered by the resignation of five pan-democrat Legislative Councillors in January of the same year.〔Associated Press (11 March 2010), ("Hong Kong, China debate legality of referendum" ), Asian Correspondent. Retrieved on 5 April 2010.〕 Discussions among the pan-democrats commenced in July 2009 for five legislators to resign to force a territory-wide by-election.〔Fung, Fanny (19 January 2010), "Referendum bid is against Basic Law, minister says", ''South China Morning Post'', Retrieved on 20 January 2010.〕 The plan, which they dubbed the Five Constituencies Referendum (五區公投/五區總辭), involved one pan-democratic legislator resigning from each of the five geographical constituencies, thereby triggering a by-election in which all Hong Kong citizens could participate.〔 Although the Basic Law of Hong Kong does not provide for official referenda, the pan-democrats hope that by returning the resignees to the Legislative Council, on their manifesto of real political reform in Hong Kong and the abolition of functional constituencies,〔 the election can be seen as a de facto referendum and an endorsement of these issues.〔Leong, Alan (8 February 2010)("Quantifying Hong Kong's Democratic Desires" ) ''Wall Street Journal'' Retrieved on 21 January 2011.〕 The five LegCo members resigned their seats on 21 January 2010 with the by-election taking place on 16 May 2010. The vote count was finalised by 2 am on 17 May 2010. Following a boycott by the pro-government parties, the five who resigned were successfully returned to the Legislative Council by voters. The by-election has been criticised as a waste of taxpayers' money. ==Background== According to Annex II of the Basic Law of Hong Kong, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong is elected by an 800-person election committee, consisting of appointees from four different sectors. The Legislative Council (LegCo) consists of 60 seats, 30 of which are geographical constituencies, subject to popular mandate; the remaining 30 seats are returned by functional Constituencies, which are elected by a much smaller pool of voters consisting of corporate bodies and workers in the various sectors. The 800 Election Committee members are appointees. The existing electoral arrangement, which allows a person belonging to a stipulated sector to control more than one vote, has been denounced by Human Rights Monitor as "highly corrupt". Articles 45 and 68 of the Basic Law state that the Chief Executive and all members of LegCo shall eventually be elected by universal suffrage, while changes in election methods shall be in accordance with the principle of "gradual and orderly progress". According to Annex I and II of the Basic Law, the election method of the Chief Executive and the LegCo may be amended after 2007. On 29 December 2007, the NPCSC resolved that the Chief Executive and LegCo could be elected via universal suffrage in 2017 and 2020 respectively.〔(Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on issues relating to the methods for selecting the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and for forming the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 2012 and on issues relating to universal suffrage (adopted by the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress at its 31st session on 29 December 2007) ), Hong Kong Legal Information Institute〕 The pan-democracy camp has become increasingly frustrated at the slow pace of reform. After the failure to achieve universal suffrage in 2007, the target of the pan-democrats has shifted to 2012; pro-Beijing camp stated its preference for 2017. On 18 November 2009, based on the NPCSC decision, the Hong Kong Government published the ''Consultation Document on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the LegCo in 2012'', which the Government said showed its determination to advance Hong Kong’s democratic development in 2012, and to pave way for universal suffrage elections of the Chief Executive and the Legislature as resolved by the NPCSC. The document said that in line with the principle of "gradual and orderly progress", the scope of political participation would be broadened and the democratic elements in the 2012 elections substantially increased; the administration proposed to enlarge the Election Committee for electing the Chief Executive, add ten new LegCo seats, of which five indirectly elected. The administration also proposed to give elected District Council members more seats on the Election Committee.〔(Public Consultation on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the Legislative Council in 2012 ), Government of Hong Kong, 18 November 2009〕 Following the unveiling of the consultation document, Pan-democrats attacked the lack of genuine progress, saying that the proposals were but a rehash of, and in some respects worse than, the 2005 proposals which they vetoed. Anson Chan commented on the lack of substance in the proposals: "The Hong Kong public is now left like someone pedalling a bicycle with no chain: the pedals spin round, but no forward progress is made."〔Lau, Nickkita (19 November 2009) (Unimpressed democrats vent their frustration ), ''The Standard''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hong Kong by-election, 2010」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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